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<title>Oracle Net Connectivity Overview</title>
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<p><a id="n8ahelpnet8_connectivity_overview" name="n8ahelpnet8_connectivity_overview"></a></p>
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<h1>Oracle Net Connectivity Overview</h1>
<p>Oracle Net enables connections to various services, such as Oracle databases, non-Oracle databases, gateways, and <a href="n8ahelpexternal_procedures.htm">external procedures</a>.</p>
<p>Users initiate a connect request by passing a user name and password along with an identifier for the service to which they wish to connect. That identifier, called a <a href="n8ahelpconnect_identifier.htm">connect identifier</a>, identifies:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The destination service</p>
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<p>The path, or network route, across the network to get to that service</p>
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</ul>
<p>A connect identifier is specified in several different ways. One of the most common ways is through use of <a href="n8ahelpnet_service_name.htm">a net service name</a>, another name for the service, which maps to a <a href="n8ahelpconnect_descriptor.htm">connect descriptor</a>. A connect descriptor contains destination service and network route information. The desired service is indicated by using its service name for Oracle9<span class="italic">i</span> or Oracle8<span class="italic">i</span> databases or its Oracle System Identifier (SID) for Oracle8 or Oracle7 databases. The network route provides, at a minimum, the location of the listener through use of a network address.</p>
<p>The following shows a net service name called sales mapped to a connect descriptor:</p>
<p><code dir="ltr">sales=</code></p>
<p><code dir="ltr">(DESCRIPTION=</code></p>
<p><code dir="ltr">(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server1)(PORT=1521))</code></p>
<p><code dir="ltr">(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=sales.us.example.com))</code></p>
<p>The listener, located on sales1-server, listens with the TCP/IP protocol on port 1521 for connection requests for a database service called sales.us.example.com.</p>
<p>The connect identifier and its connect descriptor is stored in at least one <a href="n8ahelpnaming_method.htm">naming method</a>. During a connection request, the client resolves the connect identifier (sales in the previous example) to a connect descriptor through a naming method. The client then contacts the listener specified in the connect descriptor.</p>
<p>The listener, through a protocol, accepts the client connection. It compares the client information with the information it has received from the database service through <a href="n8ahelpservice_registration.htm">service registration</a>, as well as information it has stored in its own configuration file, <a href="n8ahelplistenerora_file.htm">listener.ora</a>. If the information matches, a connection is granted.</p>
<p><span class="bold">Related Topics</span></p>
<p><a href="n8ahelpnet8_overview.htm">Oracle Net Services Overview</a></p>
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