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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../Introduction.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Installing</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing/Packages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Packages</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing/Docker.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Docker</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing/Installing-from-source-Unix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> Unix from source (v0.104+)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing/Installing-from-source-Unix-old.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> Unix from source (v0.103-)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing/Installing-from-source-Windows.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> Windows from source</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing/Community-projects.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> Community Projects</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Installing/Add-clamav-user.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> Add a service user account</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Usage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Usage</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Usage/Configuration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Configuration</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Usage/SignatureManagement.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Updating Signature Databases</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Usage/Scanning.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> Scanning</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/OnAccess.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.1.</strong> On-Access Scanning</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Usage/Services.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> Running ClamAV Services</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Usage/ReportABug.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> Report a Bug</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Signatures</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/DatabaseInfo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> CVD Info File</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/DynamicConfig.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Dynamic Configuration Settings</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/AuthenticodeRules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Trusted and Revoked EXE Certificates</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/FileTypeMagic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> File Type Recognition</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/AllowLists.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> Allow Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/HashSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> Hash-based Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/BodySignatureFormat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.</strong> Content-based Signature Format</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/LogicalSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.1.</strong> Logical Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/ExtendedSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.2.</strong> Extended Signatures</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/YaraRules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.8.</strong> YARA Rules</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/PhishSigs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.9.</strong> Phishing Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/BytecodeSignatures.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.10.</strong> Bytecode Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/ContainerMetadata.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.</strong> Container Metadata Signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/EncryptedArchives.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.12.</strong> Archive Passwords (experimental)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Signatures/SignatureNames.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.13.</strong> Signature Names</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> For Developers</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/github-pr-basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Pull Request Basics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/clamav-git-work-flow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> ClamAV Git Work Flow</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/personal-forks.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> Working with Your Fork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/testing-pull-requests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> Reviewing Pull Requests</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/development-builds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> Building for Development</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/build-installer-packages.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> Building the Installer Packages</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/tips-and-tricks.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> Dev Tips & Tricks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/performance-profiling.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.8.</strong> Performance Profiling</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/code-coverage.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.9.</strong> Computing Code Coverage</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/fuzzing-sanitizers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.10.</strong> Fuzzing Sanitizers</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/libclamav.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.11.</strong> libclamav</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../manual/Development/Contribute.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.12.</strong> Contribute</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-whichversion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> Selecting the Right Version of ClamAV for You</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-freshclam.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> FreshClam (Signature Updater)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-cvd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> Signature Database (CVD)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-misc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.4.</strong> Misc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-ml.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.5.</strong> Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-safebrowsing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.6.</strong> Safe Browsing</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-troubleshoot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.7.</strong> Troubleshooting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-scan-alerts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.8.</strong> Interpreting Scan Alerts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-upgrade.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.9.</strong> Upgrading</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.10.</strong> Rust</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-win32.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.11.</strong> Win32</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-pua.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.12.</strong> PUA (Potentially Unwanted Application)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-ignore.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.13.</strong> Ignore</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-uninstall.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.14.</strong> Uninstall</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../faq/faq-eol.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.15.</strong> ClamAV EOL Policy</a></li><li class="spacer"></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../community_resources/CommunityResources.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Community Resources</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../appendix/Appendix.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Appendix</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../appendix/Terminology.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> Terminology</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../appendix/CvdPrivateMirror.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> Hosting a Private Database Mirror</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../appendix/Authenticode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> Microsoft Authenticode Signature Verification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../appendix/FileTypes.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> ClamAV File Types and Target Types</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../appendix/FunctionalityLevels.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> ClamAV Versions and Functionality Levels</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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<h1 class="menu-title">ClamAV Documentation</h1>
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<h1 id="development-tips--tricks"><a class="header" href="#development-tips--tricks">Development Tips & Tricks</a></h1>
<p>The following are a collection of tips that may help you be a more productive ClamAV developer.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#development-tips--tricks">Development Tips & Tricks</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#downloading-the-official-ruleset">Downloading the Official Ruleset</a></li>
<li><a href="#general-debugging">General Debugging</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#useful-clamscan-flags">Useful clamscan Flags</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-gdb">Using gdb</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#hunting-for-memory-leaks">Hunting for Memory Leaks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="downloading-the-official-ruleset"><a class="header" href="#downloading-the-official-ruleset">Downloading the Official Ruleset</a></h2>
<p>If you plan to use custom rules for testing, you can invoke <code>clamscan</code> via <code>./installed/bin/clamscan</code>, specifying your custom rule files via <code>-d</code> parameters.</p>
<p>If you want to download the official ruleset to use with <code>clamscan</code>, do the following:</p>
<ol>
<li>Run <code>mkdir -p installed/share/clamav</code></li>
<li>Comment out line 8 of etc/freshclam.conf.sample</li>
<li>Run <code>./installed/bin/freshclam --config-file etc/freshclam.conf.sample</code></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="general-debugging"><a class="header" href="#general-debugging">General Debugging</a></h2>
<p>NOTE: Some of the debugging/profiling tools mentioned in the sections below are specific to Linux</p>
<h3 id="useful-clamscan-flags"><a class="header" href="#useful-clamscan-flags">Useful clamscan Flags</a></h3>
<p>The following are useful flags to include when debugging clamscan:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>--debug --verbose</code>: Print lots of helpful debug information</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--gen-json</code>: Print some additional debug information in a JSON format</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--statistics=pcre --statistics=bytecode</code>: Print execution statistics on any PCRE and bytecode rules that were evaluated</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--dev-performance</code>: Print per-file statistics regarding how long scanning took and the times spent in various scanning stages</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--alert-broken</code>: This will attempt to detect broken executable files. If an executable is determined to be broken, some functionality might not get invoked for the sample, and this could be an indication of an issue parsing the PE header or file. This causes those binary to generate an alert instead of just continuing on. This flag replaces the <code>--detect-broken</code> flag from releases prior to 0.101.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--max-filesize=2000M --max-scansize=2000M --max-files=2000000 --max-recursion=2000000 --max-embeddedpe=2000M --max-htmlnormalize=2000000 --max-htmlnotags=2000000 --max-scriptnormalize=2000000 --max-ziptypercg=2000000 --max-partitions=2000000 --max-iconspe=2000000 --max-rechwp3=2000000 --pcre-match-limit=2000000 --pcre-recmatch-limit=2000000 --pcre-max-filesize=2000M --max-scantime=2000000</code>:</p>
<p>Effectively disables all file limits and maximums for scanning. This is useful if you'd like to ensure that all files in a set get scanned, and would prefer clam to just run slowly or crash rather than skip a file because it encounters one of these thresholds</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The following are useful flags to include when debugging rules that you're
writing:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>-d</code>: Allows you to specify a custom ClamAV rule file from the command line</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--bytecode-unsigned</code>: If you are testing custom bytecode rules, you'll need this flag so that <code>clamscan</code> actually runs the bytecode signature</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--all-match</code>: Allows multiple signatures to match on a file being scanned</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--leave-temps --tmpdir=/tmp</code>: By default, ClamAV will attempt to extract embedded files that it finds, normalize certain text files before looking for matches, and unpack packed executables that it has unpacking support for. These flags tell ClamAV to write these intermediate files out to the directory specified. Usually when a file is written, it will mention the file name in the --debug output, so you can have some idea at what stage in the scanning process a tmp file was created.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--dump-certs</code>: For signed PE files that match a rule, display information about the certificates stored within the binary.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>Note</em>: sigtool has this functionality as well and doesn't require a rule match to view the cert data</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="using-gdb"><a class="header" href="#using-gdb">Using gdb</a></h3>
<p>Given that you might want to pass a lot of arguments to <code>gdb</code>, consider taking advantage of the <code>--args</code> parameter. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">gdb --args ./installed/bin/clamscan -d /tmp/test.ldb -d /tmp/block_list.crb -d --dumpcerts --debug --verbose --max-filesize=2000M --max-scansize=2000M --max-files=2000000 --max-recursion=2000000 --max-embeddedpe=2000M --max-iconspe=2000000 f8f101166fec5785b4e240e4b9e748fb6c14fdc3cd7815d74205fc59ce121515
</code></pre>
<p>When using ClamAV without libclamav statically linked, if you set breakpoints on libclamav functions by name, you'll need to make sure to indicate that the breakpoints should be resolved after libraries have been loaded.</p>
<p>For other documentation about how to use <code>gdb</code>, check out the following resources:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cabrillo.edu/%7Eshodges/cs19/progs/guide_to_gdb_1.1.pdf">A Guide to gdb</a></li>
<li><a href="http://users.ece.utexas.edu/%7Eadnan/gdb-refcard.pdf">gdb Quick Reference</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="hunting-for-memory-leaks"><a class="header" href="#hunting-for-memory-leaks">Hunting for Memory Leaks</a></h2>
<p>You can easily hunt for memory leaks with valgrind. Check out this guide to get started: <a href="http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html">Valgrind Quick Start</a></p>
<p>If checking for leaks, be sure to run <code>clamscan</code> with samples that will hit as many of the unique code paths in the code you are testing. An example invocation is as follows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">valgrind --leak-check=full ./installed/bin/clamscan -d /tmp/test.ldb --leave-temps --tempdir /tmp/test --debug --verbose /tmp/upx-samples/ > /tmp/upx-results-2.txt 2>&1
</code></pre>
<p>Alternatively, on Linux, you can use glibc's built-in leak checking functionality:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">MALLOC_CHECK_=7 ./installed/bin/clamscan
</code></pre>
<p>See the <a href="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man3/mallopt.3.html">mallopt man page</a> for more details</p>
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