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><H1
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><A
NAME="CATALOG-PG-CONSTRAINT"
>45.12. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_constraint</TT
></A
></H1
><P
>   The catalog <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_constraint</TT
> stores check, primary
   key, unique, foreign key, and exclusion constraints on tables.
   (Column constraints are not treated specially.  Every column constraint is
   equivalent to some table constraint.)
   Not-null constraints are represented in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_attribute</TT
>
   catalog, not here.
  </P
><P
>   User-defined constraint triggers (created with <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE CONSTRAINT
   TRIGGER</TT
>) also give rise to an entry in this table.
  </P
><P
>   Check constraints on domains are stored here, too.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="TABLE"
><A
NAME="AEN89911"
></A
><P
><B
>Table 45-12. <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_constraint</TT
> Columns</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Name</TH
><TH
>Type</TH
><TH
>References</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conname</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>name</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>Constraint name (not necessarily unique!)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>connamespace</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-namespace.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_namespace</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>       The OID of the namespace that contains this constraint
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>contype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>c</TT
> = check constraint,
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>f</TT
> = foreign key constraint,
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>p</TT
> = primary key constraint,
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u</TT
> = unique constraint,
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t</TT
> = constraint trigger,
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>x</TT
> = exclusion constraint
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>condeferrable</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>Is the constraint deferrable?</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>condeferred</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>Is the constraint deferred by default?</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>convalidated</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>Has the constraint been validated?
       Currently, can only be false for foreign keys and CHECK constraints</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conrelid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-class.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_class</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>The table this constraint is on; 0 if not a table constraint</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>contypid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-type.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_type</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>The domain this constraint is on; 0 if not a domain constraint</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conindid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-class.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_class</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>The index supporting this constraint, if it's a unique, primary
       key, foreign key, or exclusion constraint; else 0</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confrelid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-class.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_class</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, the referenced table; else 0</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confupdtype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>Foreign key update action code:
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>a</TT
> = no action,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>r</TT
> = restrict,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>c</TT
> = cascade,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>n</TT
> = set null,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>d</TT
> = set default
          </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confdeltype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>Foreign key deletion action code:
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>a</TT
> = no action,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>r</TT
> = restrict,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>c</TT
> = cascade,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>n</TT
> = set null,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>d</TT
> = set default
          </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confmatchtype</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>char</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>Foreign key match type:
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>f</TT
> = full,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>p</TT
> = partial,
            <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u</TT
> = simple (unspecified)
          </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conislocal</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>       This constraint is defined locally for the relation.  Note that a
       constraint can be locally defined and inherited simultaneously.
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>coninhcount</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int4</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>       The number of direct inheritance ancestors this constraint has.
       A constraint with
       a nonzero number of ancestors cannot be dropped nor renamed.
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>connoinherit</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>bool</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>       This constraint is defined locally for the relation.  It is a
       non-inheritable constraint.
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int2[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-attribute.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_attribute</TT
></A
>.attnum</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a table constraint (including foreign keys, but not constraint
       triggers), list of the constrained columns</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>confkey</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>int2[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-attribute.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_attribute</TT
></A
>.attnum</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the referenced columns</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conpfeqop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the equality operators for PK = FK comparisons</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conppeqop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the equality operators for PK = PK comparisons</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conffeqop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If a foreign key, list of the equality operators for FK = FK comparisons</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conexclop</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>oid[]</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
><A
HREF="catalog-pg-operator.html"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_operator</TT
></A
>.oid</TT
></TD
><TD
>If an exclusion constraint, list of the per-column exclusion operators</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conbin</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>pg_node_tree</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>If a check constraint, an internal representation of the expression</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>consrc</TT
></TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>text</TT
></TD
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
>If a check constraint, a human-readable representation of the expression</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>   In the case of an exclusion constraint, <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
>
   is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
   For other cases, a zero appears in <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
>
   and the associated index must be consulted to discover the expression
   that is constrained.  (<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>conkey</TT
> thus has the
   same contents as <TT
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>pg_index</TT
>.<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>indkey</TT
> for the
   index.)
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>    <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
>consrc</TT
> is not updated when referenced objects
    change; for example, it won't track renaming of columns.  Rather than
    relying on this field, it's best to use <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>pg_get_constraintdef()</CODE
>
    to extract the definition of a check constraint.
   </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>    <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_class.relchecks</TT
> needs to agree with the
    number of check-constraint entries found in this table for each
    relation.
   </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
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